Part of speech
A. NOUN
A noun is a part of speech that it used
to name a person.place,things quality,or action ,a noun can function as a
subject,object,complement .
Type
of noun :
a.1 Common nouns
Common
nouns refer to a general class of person,place or things.
Examples :
1.
Mosque 7. Pool
2.
Island 8. rock
3.
Forest 9. room
4.
River 10. yard
5.
Jungle 11. ocean
6.
Cave 12. motor
a.2 Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are number that refer specifically to the
identity of certain special noun.
Example :
1. The names of people 5. Geograpphical
Bayu Semarang
Lia
2. Geographical
name 6. Institutional names
Kairo
3. Brand
names 7. Brand names
Crocs all stars
Dove
4. Titles
of film 8. Geographical name
Titanic Magelang
9. geographical
name 10. The name of people
Solo Dedy
a.3 Collective noun
Collective noun refer to a group or
collection of nouns with one world .
Example
:
1. Slice of
water mellon.
2. a cup of tea
3. crowd of people
4. bundle
of spinach
a.4 Abstract nouns
Abstract nouns refer to concepts that we
objectify in thought and speech but have no material form.
Exampel : 1. Rice 6. Hope
2.
Wave 7. Sand
3. Air 8. Salt
4.
Sugar 9. hair
5. Sadness 10. Water
a.5 Compound nouns
Componund
nouns are nouns that consist of two or more words combined.
Example :
§ Farm house = rumah kebun
§ Over time = lembur
§ Bull dog = anjing
§ Mailbox = kotak pos
§ Sleep walking = tidur berjalan
§ Thecup = cangkir
§ Side burns = cambang
§ Fish bowl = mangkuk ikan
§ Fruith cake = kue buah
§ Ladi bugs = belalang
a.6 Count Nouns
Count
nouns are nouns that may be counted in numbers
Example
: 1 3 apples
2. 3 peoples
3. 2 dogs
4. 2 girls
5. 2 house
a.7 Mass nouns ,also
called non-count nouns ,are nouns that may not be counted.
Example :
§ Water = air
§ Sugar =gula
§ Air = udara
§ Coffe = kopi
§ Milk = susu
B. PRONOUNS
A word (one of traditional parts of
speech)that takes the places of noun ,noun phrase,or noun clause.
b.1 Demonstrative
Pronouns
a
dererminer that points a paricular noun or to the noun it replaces.
Example : This
Those
That
These
b.2 Indenfinite
Prounouns
Example : some
Any
Several
Each
b.3 Interrogative
Pronouns
a term in traditional grammar for
a prounoun that introduces a question.
Example : whom
Who
Whose
Which
b.4
Intensive Pronouns
a pronouns ending in self or-selves that
sever to emphasize its antecendent
example :
your self
ourself
herself
himself
b.5 Personal
pronouns
a pronoun that refers to a particular person,group,or
thing.These are the personal pronouns in english.
Example : I
You
My
your
b.6 Possesive Pronouns
a
pronoun that can take the place of a noun pharse to show ownership.
Example : His
Mine
You
b.7 Reciprocal pronoun
that expresses mutual
action or relationship.
Example :
oneother
Eachother
b.8 Relative Prounoun
that
introduces an adjective clause .
Example
: Who
That
Which
b.9 Reflexive Prounoun
ending
in-self or-selves .
Example : who (siapa)
which (yang mana)
whom (siapa)
whose
(siapa yg mmpunyai)
of which (yang mana)
that (itu)
b.10 first-Persomn Pronoun
pronoun that refer to the speaker or write (singular) or to
a group that includes the speaker or writer(plural).
Example : mine
(miliku)
mifta
Rafael
chocho
mitha
wiwit
b.11 Secound persont pronoun
pronuons
use when a speaker addreses one or more individulas.
Example : you
(kamu)
Your(kepunyaanmu)
b.12 Third person pronoun
pronoun that refer to people or things
other than speaker or writer and the person addres.
Example :
He (dia laki-laki)
She(dia
perempuan)
His(kepunyaan
laki-laki)
Him(dia
laki-laki)
C.
Adverb
The five types of adverb .
Adverb of manner, provide information on
how someone does something.
Example :
·
Differently :
Dengan berbeda
·
Happily : Dengan bahagia
·
Carefully : Dengan hati-hati
Adverb of time ,provide information on
when something happen.
Example :
·
Tomorrow : Besok
·
Yesterday : Kemarin
·
Today : Hari ini
·
Every day : Setiap hari
Adverb of frequency,provide information
on how of often something happen.
Example :
·
Usually : Biasanya
·
Often : Sering
·
Never : Tidak pernah
·
Seldom : Jarang
·
Sometime : Kadang-kadang
·
Always : Selalu
Adverb of degree,provide information
concerning how much of something is done.
Example :
·
A lot : Banyak
·
Some : Beberapa
·
Much : Banyak
·
A little : Sedikit
Adverb of comment,provide a comment about
a situation.
Example :
·
Fortunately : Keberuntungan
·
Suddenly : Tiba-tiba
Adverb formation
a.
Adverb
are usually formed by adding’-ly’ to an
adjective .
Example : quiet = quietly
Quick=quickly
b.
Adjective
ending in ‘le’ change
Example : probably
c.
adjective
ending in –y’ changes to ‘-ly’
Example : happy =happily
d.
Adjective
ending in-ic ‘change to ‘ically’
Example : automatic=automatically
Adverb sentence
placement
a.
adverbs
of manner
·
Differently : Dengan berbeda
·
Happily : Dengan bahagia
·
Carefully : Dengan hati-hati
·
Slowly : Dengan pelan
·
Loudly : Dengan keras
b.
adverb
of time
Tomorrow : Besok Every day : Setiap hari
Yesterday : Kemarin
Today : Hari ini
c.
adverb
of frequency
Usually : Biasanya
Often : Sering
Never : Tidak pernah
Seldom : Jarang
Sometime : Kadang-kadang
Always : Selalu
d.
adverb
of degree
A lot : Banyak
Some : Beberapa
Much : Banyak
A little : Sedikit
e.
adverb
of comment.
Fortunately :
Keberuntungan
Suddenly :
Tiba-tiba
D.
VERB
Verb
classification
Verb (KATA KERJA)
1.HELPING VERBS
- Primary Helping Verbs
·
Be
(is, am, are, was, were)
Example : 1. Is coming à datang
2. Is helping à membantu
3.
Is eatingà
makan
4.Is
leaving à
meninggalkan
5. Was
going à
pergi
6. Are
geting à
memperoleh
7. Are
studying à
belajar
8. Am
shooting à
menembak
9. Is
reading à
menulis
10.
Were seting àmenyetel
·
Have
Example : 1. Have read à membaca
2. Has taught à mengajar
3. Have
put à
menaruh
4. Has
shod à
menembak
5. Have
drunk à
minum
6. Has
come à
datang
7. Have
eaten à
makan
8. Has
cast à
melemparkan
9. Have
left à
meninggalkan
10. Has
studied à
belajar
·
Do
Example : 1. Write à menulis
2. Eat à makan
3. Make à membuat
4. Study à belajar
5. Call à memanggil
6. Open à mebuka
7. Clean à bersih
8. Take à mengambil
9. Read à membaca
10. Close à tutup
E. PREPOSITIONS
A preposition is a word governing ,and
usually coming in front of ,a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to
another word or element.
● preposition of place ;at,in,on
example : Bila waiting train at station
● Prepostition of times: at,in,on
example :
I woke up at 5.00 am
F.
CONJUCTION
A conjuction is a word that “joins”
two parts a sentences .
Coordinating
Conjuction Subording
Conjuction
And,but,or,nor,for,yet,so although,because,since,unless.
Example : example:
Ivo and eka went to
school
although (meskipun)
But(tetapi)
althought my body is warm
I’am angry but my heart happy i still activity
Or (atau)
I will to choose
succes or failed
G. DETERMINER
Determiner is used to modify a noun is
indicates references to something spesific or something of s particular type.
Types of
determiners
a.
Articles
Example :a, an, the
The
designer produce a goog product
The definite and indefinite articles are
all determiner.
b.
Demonstratives
There are four demonstrative determiners
in english and they are :this,that,these and those.
Example :
This(ini) this is my bag
c.
Possesives
Example : my(saya)
My
campus have a beautiful environment
d.
Quantifiers
Quantifiers sre followed by nouns which
they modify.Example of quantifiiers include.
Example :
some (beberapa)
Some people to visit my campus.
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